The third contributor is the River Atbara, which joins the main course of the Nile 300 km north of Khartoum. Atbara river contributes with less than 1%, and runs dry at times of the year.
The Nile carries water all through the year, but the amount of water it carries, varies depending on the season.
With the construction of Aswan High Dam, this is now controlled for Egypt’s part. In ancient times, when agriculture depended much upon the water and the silt from the annual flood, the ideal flooding height was 7-8 metres. Less than that, and the produce was in danger. More than that, and the flood could cause major damage.
There are more dams than the one at Aswan, in Sudan the Blue Nile is dammed by Sennar Dam. The White Nile is dammed just before Khartoum. Both are important for local agriculture. The Nile ends in a delta area, that is also its most fertile, in northern Egypt.
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